This archive file of SCI 162 Week 6 Discussion Questions shows the solutions to the following problems:
1. Discuss and define the terms
Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
In the medical field, it is crucial for students to have a clear understanding and knowledge of various terms and concepts. This enables them to effectively communicate, analyze, and interpret medical information. In this discussion, we will define and discuss some important terms commonly used in the medical context.
Answer:
1. Discuss and define the terms:
a) Inflammation: Inflammation is the body’s natural response to injury, infection, or irritation. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain in the affected area. Inflammatory processes involve the release of chemical mediators, recruitment of immune cells, and activation of the immune system to eliminate the cause of the inflammation and promote tissue repair.
b) Antibiotics: Antibiotics are a group of medications used to treat bacterial infections. They work by either killing the bacteria (bactericidal) or inhibiting their growth (bacteriostatic). Antibiotics can be classified into different types, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones, each effective against specific types of bacteria.
c) Immunity: Immunity refers to the ability of an organism to resist and defend against foreign substances (antigens) such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins that can cause diseases. It is mediated by the immune system, which recognizes and eliminates pathogens through a complex interaction of specialized cells, antibodies, and immune molecules.
d) Metabolism: Metabolism involves the biochemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life. It encompasses the conversion of nutrients into energy through various metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolism also involves the synthesis and breakdown of biomolecules, including proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
e) Homeostasis: Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves the regulation of various physiological parameters, such as body temperature, blood pH, blood glucose levels, and fluid balance. Homeostatic mechanisms, including feedback loops, help ensure that these parameters remain within a narrow range to support optimal functioning of cells and tissues.
f) Neurotransmitter: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals between nerve cells (neurons). They are released from the synaptic vesicles of the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft and bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, transmitting the signal. Examples of neurotransmitters include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine.
In conclusion, understanding and defining these medical terms are essential for medical students. It enables them to communicate effectively with patients, comprehend medical literature, and make informed decisions in the medical field.
