“In the two laboratory studies, participants were asked to complete a personality assessment and were then led to have either positive, negative, or no

“In the two laboratory studies, participants were asked to complete a personality assessment and were then led to have either positive, negative, or no expectations about the results. Participants’ affective (emotional) state was assessed prior to—and directly after—hearing a negative (in the case of study 1a) or positive (in the case of study 1b) outcome. In the field study, participants were undergraduate introductory psychology students who were asked about their expectations of their performance in an upcoming exam. Then, a day after the exam, positive and negative emotion were assessed. Taken together, the results of these three studies suggest that anticipating bad outcomes may be an ineffective path to positive emotion.”

Locate and read the article

Golub, S. A., Gilbert, D. T., & Wilson, T. D. (2009). Anticipating one’s troubles: The costs and benefits of negative expectations. Emotion, 9, 227–281. doi:10.1037/a0014716

Then, after reading the article, answer the following:

  1. For each of the studies, how did Golub, Gilbert, and Wilson (2009) operationally define the positive expectations?
  2. How did they operationally define affect?
  3. In experiments 1a and 1b, what were the independent variable(s)? What where the dependent variable(s)?
  4. This article includes three different studies. What are the advantages to using multiple methods?
  5. On what basis did the authors conclude, “Our studies suggest that the affective benefits of negative expectations may be more elusive than their costs” (p. 280)?
  6. Evaluate the external validity of the 2 experiments and field study conducted by Golub, Gilbert, & Wilson (2009)
  7. How good do you think was the internal validity of this research?”

Share This Post

Email
WhatsApp
Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
Pinterest
Reddit

Order a Similar Paper and get 15% Discount on your First Order

Related Questions

Sociologists use the sociological imagination to understand how individuals’ problems (i.e., troubles) are tied to broader social patterns.  First, read

Sociologists use the sociological imagination to understand how individuals’ problems (i.e., troubles) are tied to broader social patterns.  First, read this week’s learning resources (UMGC, n.d.), including the segment of C. Wright Mills’s Sociological Imagination (linked below) (Mills, 2000). This discussion question has two parts: Part 1. Give an example of a

Paper AssignmentAssignment Instructions:Select one of the theories of religion discussed in this course—Sigmund Freud, C.G. Jung, WilliamJames, Erich

Paper AssignmentAssignment Instructions:Select one of the theories of religion discussed in this course—Sigmund Freud, C.G. Jung, WilliamJames, Erich Fromm, Gordon Allport, Abraham Maslow, or Viktor Frankl—that aligns with yourperspective on religion. Write a four-page, double-spaced paper (approximately 1000 words) addressingthe following: Explanation of the Chosen Theory: Provide a concise summary

Selective Attention / Stroop Effect (Chapter 4) Attention– focusing awareness on a narrowed aspect of the environment– selective attention• cocktail

Selective Attention / Stroop Effect (Chapter 4) Attention– focusing awareness on a narrowed aspect of the environment– selective attention• cocktail party effect• Stroop effect (failure of selective attention)– attention attracted by novelty, size, color, movement, emotional stimuli– emotion-induced blindness– inattentional blindness STROOP EFFECT• As fast as you can, name each

Part 1: Include at least one scholarly source to support your response:  define “empathy” and describe the role of empathy in counseling.   describe at

Part 1: Include at least one scholarly source to support your response:  define “empathy” and describe the role of empathy in counseling.   describe at least two techniques used to demonstrate empathy.   Part 2: Read and complete the “Empathic Listening Practice Exercise” document located in the Topic 2 Resources. What did you